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The speed of chemical reactions and separations of fluidic systems is often determined by diffusion. Thus, by downscaling of reaction devices ("lab-on-a-chip"), reaction times as well as sample consumption can be extremely reduced. Furthermore, several functional units can be integrated on chips with a size of a few cm².

In combination with fast and sensitive detection methods, a miniaturised total analysis system ("µTAS") can be built, where sample injection, separation and detection is performed in an automated routine.